Inform all of their healthcare providers they are taking warfarin.Wear a medical alert identification at all times.Avoid large day-to-day variations in the amount of vitamin K.Immediately notify their healthcare provider if injured, hit their head experience bleeding longer than 15 minutes notice blood in their vomit, stool, or urine new onset of chest or back pain, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, or confusion.Nose bleed: tilt their head slightly forward apply pressure above their nostrils for 15 minutes.Cuts: hold gauze or clean cloth over the affected area for 15 minutes.Avoid hazardous activities e.g., contact sports.Contact the healthcare provider for a missed dose.Purpose of medication: prevent clots, thromboembolism.Therapeutic effect: absence of thromboembolic events.Laboratory test results: CBC, PT, INR, renal and hepatic function negative pregnancy test for female clients of childbearing age.NURSING CONSIDERATIONS for ANTICOAGULANTS: WARFARIN Surgery of the eye, brain, or spinal cord.Active internal bleeding, recent trauma in the past three months, history of intracranial hemorrhage or ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal ulcers, coagulopathies or bleeding disorders.Teratogenic (fetal hemorrhage, bone deformities, congenital heart defects, brain malformation in the fetus, spontaneous abortion).Warfarin-induced skin necrosis, purple toe syndrome.Gastrointestinal effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps).Undue bleeding (antidote: Vitamin K1, called phytonadione).Surgical procedures: cardiopulmonary bypass, ECMO, PCI.Coagulation disorders like antiphospholipid syndrome and DIC.Cardiac valve replacement or coronary angioplasty.

Ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack.

Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism.

Causes an initial period of hypercoagulation (due to protein C depletion) followed by anticoagulation.

Inhibits maturation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and anti-coagulation proteins C, S.

Blocks vitamin K epoxide reductase and prevent regeneration of vitamin K epoxide, which is a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which converts the non-functional forms of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulation proteins C and S, into their functional forms.

Antidote warfarin